Classical management theory Essay

Classical worry theory was introduced in the late nineteenth century. It became widespread in the kickoff half of the twentieth century, as organizations tried to address issues of industrial counselling, including specialization, efficiency, high quality, cost reduction and management-worker relationships. While other management theories have evolved since then, untarnished management approaches are comfort used today by many small-business owners to build their companies and to succeed. There are three well(p)-established theories of classical management Taylors Theory of Scientific Management, Fayals Administrative Theory, and Webers Theory of Bureaucracy.Although these schools, or theories, authentic historical season, later ideas have not replaced earlier ones. Instead, each new school has tended to complement or coexist with previous ones. Theory recognizing the role that management plays in an organization. The importance of the function of management was first recog nized by French industrialist Henri Fayol in the early 1900s.In contrast to the purely scientific examen of work and organizations conducted by F W Taylor, Fayol proposed that any industrial undertaking had six functions technical commercial financial security accounting and managerial. Of these, he believed the managerial function, to forecast and plan, to organize, to command, to coordinate, and control, to be quite distinguishable from the other five. Fayol also identified general principles of management division of work authority and responsibility aim iodin of command unity of direction subordination of individual interest to general interest honorarium of force play centralization scalar chain of authority order equity stability of tenure of personnel initiative and esprit de corps. Fayols views on management remained popular throughout a large part of the 20th century.Evolution of Classical Approach to ManagementTraditional process of learning is either through obsevati on and experiment. temperament or environment is considered uniform and when we observe certain phenomenon or events uniformly leading to the same proceeds or results, we conclude a cause and effect relationship between the two. This is learning by honoring or in other words by experience. Earlier thinkers on management followed this approach in developing theories of management. Learning principally is through empirical process and through analysis of the data poised through observation. Draw the principles of management by looking at and analyzing the jobs that all managers commonly do.This approach served as a starting point for pioneers on management science to verify the validity and improve the pertinence of the principles and practices of management. Analysis of observed data is what constitutes a case study. The observational method of case study helps arriving at logical conclusions about past experience and to test the same as standards for future events. The German so cialists, sludge Weber followed the classical approach and developed his theory of Bureaucracy, which portrays the structure and design of organization characterized by a hierarchy of authority, buckramized rules and regulations that serve to guide the coordinated functioning of an organization.Basic Postulates of the Classical Approach by Max Weber1. Management of an organization is considered as a chain of inter-related functions. The study of the scope and features of these functions, the sequence through which these are performed and their inter-relationship leads one to draw principles of management suitable for universal application 2. Learning principles of management is done through the past experiences of actual practicing managers. 3. As business environment consists of uniform cycles exhibiting an underlying unity of realities, functions and principles of management derived through process of empirical reasoning are suitable for universal application 4. appear new mana gers through formal education and case study can develop skill and faculty in management concepts and practices 5. The classical approach also recognized the importance of economical efficiency and formal organizational structure as guiding pillars of management effectiveness. 6. Business activity is based on economic attain. Organizations should therefore control economic fillipsAdvantages and Benefits of the Classical Management TheoryHierarchical Structure One of the advantages of the classical management structure is a clear organizational hierarchy with three distinct management aims. to each one management group has its own objectives and responsibilities. The top management is usually the board of directors or the chief executives who are responsible for the long-term goals of the organization. Middle management oversees the supervisors, setting department goals according to the approved budget. At the last-place level are the supervisors who oversee day-to-day activiti es, address employee issues and provide employee training. The levels of leadership and responsibilities are clear and well defined. While the three-level structure may not be suitable for all small businesses, it can benefit those that are expanding.Division of Labor One of the advantages of classical management approach is the division of labor. Projects are scattered down into smaller tasks that are easy to complete. Employees responsibilities and expectations are clearly defined. This approach allows workers to narrow their field of expertness and to specialize in one area. The division of labor approach leads to summationd productivity and higher efficiency, as workers are not expected to multitask. Small-businesses owners can benefit from taking this approach if they are looking to increase production with minimal expense.Monetary Incentive According to classical management theory, employees should be motivated by monetary rewards. In other words, they will work harder and b ecome more productive if they have an incentive to look forward to. This gives management easier control over the workforce. Employees feel appreciated when being rewarded for hard work. A small-business owner can take this approach to motivate the employees to achieve production goals.Autocratic Leadership The dominating leadership approach is the central part of classical management theory. It states that an organization should have a case-by-case leader to make decisions, to organize and direct the employees. All decisions are made at the top level and communicated down. The autocratic leadership approach is beneficial in instances when small-business decisions need to be made quickly by a leader, without having to consult with a large group of people, such a board of directors. Small businesses, specially sole proprietorships, can have an advantage in taking this approach, as they need a loyal leader to grow.Faults with the Classical ViewThe classical view of management is o ften criticized as viewing a worker as a mere tool to improve efficiency. Taylorism and classical management styles negatively abnormal the morale of workers which created a negative relationship between workers and managers.